@article {43,
	title = {Population structure in the Atlantic salmon: insights from 40 years of research into genetic protein variation},
	journal = {Journal of Fish BiologyJournal of Fish Biology},
	volume = {67},
	number = {Suppl. A},
	year = {2005},
	note = {JFB},
	pages = {3-54},
	abstract = {Electrophoretic studies of proteins remain a primary source of insight into genetic diversity in many species including the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, one of the most culturally and economically important fish species of the North Atlantic region. Since 1966, >350 scientific papers on protein variation have been published encompassing 25 000+ salmon from over 400 locations in >200 river systems across the species{\textquoteright} distribution. Variation has been detected at 30\% of the 110 protein loci screened, though most studies examine <40. The method has been applied largely to the investigation of population structure and differentiation, but work has also led to the systematic revision of the genus Salmo and remains the primary source of insight into hybridization in the wild with brown trout Salmo trutta. Spatial patterns of differentiation show temporal stability, both within and among river systems, and strongly support structuring of the species into river and tributary specific populations and the designation of European and North American populations as distinct sub-species. They also show widespread regional differentiation within both continents, beyond the marked subcontinental differences between Baltic Sea and Atlantic Ocean populations in Europe. Most of the differentiation probably reflects gene flow and founder events associated with colonization following the retreat of the glaciers from much of the species{\textquoteright} modern range. However, variation at MEP-2* shows strong correlations with environmental temperature, both within and among rivers, and associations with phenotypic performance. This suggests selection is acting on the locus and provides compelling evidence for the local adaptation of populations. Protein studies have led to more population centred management of the species and have been exploited in the discrimination of regional stocks in mixed stock analysis in high seas fisheries, particularly in the Baltic Sea, and as markers for the assessment of stocking success. They have also advanced insight into how the genetic character of populations can be changed in cultivation and the potential impact of salmon aquaculture and stocking on wild populations. The method has been largely superseded by DNA based analyses, but the results remain highly relevant to Atlantic salmon management and conservation and are an irreplaceable data set for studying genetic stability of populations over time},
	keywords = {ADAPTATION, ALLOZYMES, AQUACULTURE, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ATLANTIC SALMON, BROWN TROUT, COLONIZATION, CONSERVATION, DISCRIMINATION, DISTRIBUTION, DIVERSITY, DNA, ELECTROPHORESIS, ENVIRONMENTAL, FISH, FISHERIES, FISHERY, FLOW, FOUNDER, GENE FLOW, GENETIC, GENETIC DIVERSITY, GENETIC VARIATION, GSI, HYBRIDIZATION, ISOZYME, LOCAL ADAPTATION, MANAGEMENT, MEP, MEP-2*, METHOD, MIXED STOCK ANALYSIS, OCEAN, PATTERN, PHENOTYPIC, POPULATION, POPULATION STRUCTURE, POPULATIONS, PROTEIN, PROTEINS, RIVER, RIVERS, SALMO, SALMO SALAR, SALMO TRUTTA, SALMON, SELECTION, SPATIAL, STABILITY, STOCK, STOCK DISCRIMINATION, STOCKING, STOCKS, STRUCTURING, TEMPERATURE, TEMPORAL, TEMPORAL STABILITY, TROUT},
	author = {Verspoor, E. and Beardmore, J. A. and Consuegra, S. and Garcia de Le~niz, C. and Hindar, K. and Jordan, W. C. and Koljonen, M. L. and Mahkrov, A. A. and Paaver, T. and S~nchez, J. A. and Skaala,  and Titov, S. and Cross, T. F.}
}
@article {22,
	title = {Fluctuating sex ratios, but no sex-biased dispersal, in a promiscuous fish},
	journal = {Evolutionary EcologyEvolutionary Ecology},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2007},
	note = {DOI 10.1007/s10682-006-9001-7},
	pages = {229-245},
	abstract = {Dispersal in birds and mammals tends to be female-biased in monogamous species and male-biased in polygamous species. However results for other taxa, most notably fish, are equivocal. We employed molecular markers and physical tags to test the hypothesis that Atlantic salmon, a promiscuous species with intense male-male competition for access to females, displays male-biased dispersal. We found significant variation in sex ratios and in asymmetric gene flow between neighbouring salmon populations, but little or no evidence for sex-biased dispersal. We show that conditions favouring male dispersal will often be offset by those favouring female dispersal, and that spatial and temporal variation in sex ratios within a metapopulation may favour the dispersal of different sexes in source and sink habitats. Thus, our results reconcile previous discrepancies on salmonid dispersal and highlight the need to consider metapopulation dynamics and sex ratios in the study of natal dispersal of highly fecund species. Keywords:  sex ratios, sex-biased dispersal, asymmetric gene flow, mtDNA, microsatellites, Atlantic salmon, metapopulation},
	keywords = {ATLANTIC SALMON, BIRD, BIRDS, COMPETITION, dispersal, DISPLAY, FEMALE, FEMALES, FISH, FLOW, GENE FLOW, HABITAT, MALE, MAMMALS, METAPOPULATION, MICROSATELLITE, MICROSATELLITES, MOLECULAR, MOLECULAR MARKERS, mtDNA, POPULATION, POPULATIONS, SALMON, SALMONID, SEX, SEX RATIO, SEX RATIOS, SEX-BIASED, SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL, SPATIAL, TAGS, TEMPORAL, TEMPORAL VARIATION},
	author = {Consuegra, S. and Garcia de Le~niz, C.}
}
