@article {17,
	title = {The diversity of juvenile salmonids does not affect their competitive impact on a native galaxiid  },
	journal = {Biological InvasionsBiological Invasions},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2009},
	note = {DOI 10.1007/s10530-008-9372-5},
	pages = {1955-1961},
	abstract = {We used an invaded stream fish community in southern Chile to experimentally test whether the diversity of exotic species affects their competitive impact on a native species. In artificial enclosures an established invasive, rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and a potential invader, Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, reduced the growth rate of native peladilla, Aplochiton zebra, by the same amount. In enclosures with both exotic salmonids, the growth rates of all three species were the same as in single exotic treatments. While neither species identity nor diversity appeared to affect competitive interactions in this experiment, the impact of salmonid diversity may vary with the type of interspecific interaction and/or the species identity of the exotics. Our experiment links two prominent concepts in invasion biology by testing whether the result of invasional meltdown, an increase in the diversity of exotic species, affects their impact through interspecific competition, the mechanism invoked by the biotic resistance hypothesis. Keywords Exotic species diversity - Interspecific competition - Salmonids - Galaxiids - Stream enclosure experiment - Aquaculture},
	keywords = {AQUACULTURE, ATLANTIC SALMON, CHILE, COMPETITION, DIVERSITY, EXOTIC, EXOTIC SPECIES, EXOTICS, FISH, FISH COMMUNITY, GALAXIIDS, GROWTH, GROWTH RATE, INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION, INVASION, INVASIONAL MELTDOWN, INVASIVE, JUVENILE, NATIVE, NATIVE SPECIES, ONCORHYNCHUS, ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS, RAINBOW TROUT, RESISTANCE, SALMO, SALMO SALAR, SALMON, SALMONID, SALMONIDS, SPECIES DIVERSITY, SPECIES-DIVERSITY, STREAM, STREAM FISH, TREATMENT, TROUT},
	author = {Young, K. A. and Stephenson, J. and Terreau, A. and Thailly, A. F. and Gajardo, G. and Garcia de Leaniz, C.}
}
@article {5,
	title = {From Best to Pest: changing perspectives on the impact of exotic salmonids in the Southern Hemisphere},
	journal = {Systematics and Biodiversity},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2010},
	note = {DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2010.537706},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {447 - 459},
	abstract = {Exotic salmonids were deliberately introduced to the Southern Hemisphere during the last part of the 20th century, initially to boost sport fishing and later to develop an aquaculture industry. Early introductions were justified by governments on purely utilitarian arguments as it was felt that translocated salmonids would capitalize on otherwise {\textquoteright}underutilized{\textquoteright} aquatic niches. A century later, exotic salmonids are established in nearly all places where they were originally introduced and beyond, and constitute one of the main threats to endemic fish fauna, amongst which galaxiid fishes have perhaps been impacted the most. We screened the literature to document the changing perspectives on exotic salmonids in the Southern Hemisphere, and employed SWOT analysis to assess the conservation prognosis of native galaxiids in the face of salmonid invasions. Our analysis indicates that opinions differ  - and contradictions abound - as to how to prevent further salmonid encroachment. This is largely due to lack of information on the impact of exotics but, more importantly, because the problem is often approached merely from a socio-economic perspective. Sport fishermen, for example, actively support the stocking of rivers to enhance sport fisheries and argue in favour of considering established salmonids as part of the native biodiversity, but also want to see an end to salmonids escaping from fish farms. The salmon industry tends to stress the social and economic benefits brought about by aquaculture, but continues to demand the right to expand and self-regulate. Governments, on the other hand, have not always had consistent or clear policies on exotic salmonids, and have tended to favour some stakeholders and penalized others. Our analysis emphasizes the need to consider biologically meaningful time scales when assessing impacts on biodiversity, and stresses the need to anticipate shifts in public opinion and stakeholder support in conservation.},
	keywords = {AQUACULTURE, AQUATIC, ARGENTINA, AUSTRALIA, BIODIVERSITY, CHILE, CONSERVATION, EXOTIC, EXOTICS, FALKLANDS, FARM, FISH, FISHERIES, FISHERMEN, FISHERY, FISHES, FISHING, GALAXIIDS, INVASION, INVASIONS, KERGUELEN, NATIVE, NEW ZEALAND, NICHES, RIVER, RIVERS, SALMON, SALMONID, SALMONIDS, SCALES, SOUTH AFRICA, SPORT FISHERIES, SPORT FISHERY, SPORT FISHING, STOCKING, STRESS, SWOT},
	author = {Garcia de Leaniz,C. and Gajardo,G. and Consuegra,S.}
}
@article {7,
	title = {The diversity of juvenile salmonids does not affect their competitive impact on a native galaxiid 
},
	journal = {Biological Invasions},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2009},
	note = {DOI 10.1007/s10530-008-9372-5},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {1955 - 1961},
	abstract = {We used an invaded stream fish community in southern Chile to experimentally test whether the diversity of exotic species affects their competitive impact on a native species. In artificial enclosures an established invasive, rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and a potential invader, Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, reduced the growth rate of native peladilla, Aplochiton zebra, by the same amount. In enclosures with both exotic salmonids, the growth rates of all three species were the same as in single exotic treatments. While neither species identity nor diversity appeared to affect competitive interactions in this experiment, the impact of salmonid diversity may vary with the type of interspecific interaction and/or the species identity of the exotics. Our experiment links two prominent concepts in invasion biology by testing whether the result of invasional meltdown, an increase in the diversity of exotic species, affects their impact through interspecific competition, the mechanism invoked by the biotic resistance hypothesis. Keywords  Exotic species diversity - Interspecific competition - Salmonids - Galaxiids - Stream enclosure experiment - Aquaculture},
	keywords = {APLOCHITON ZEBRA, AQUACULTURE, ATLANTIC SALMON, CHILE, COMPETITION, DIVERSITY, EXOTIC, EXOTIC SPECIES, EXOTICS, FISH, FISH COMMUNITY, GALAXIIDS, GROWTH, GROWTH RATE, INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION, INVASION, INVASIONAL MELTDOWN, INVASIVE, JUVENILE, NATIVE, NATIVE SPECIES, ONCORHYNCHUS, ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS, RAINBOW TROUT, RESISTANCE, SALMO, SALMO SALAR, SALMON, SALMONID, SALMONIDS, SPECIES DIVERSITY, SPECIES-DIVERSITY, STREAM, STREAM FISH, TREATMENT, TROUT},
	author = {Young,K.A. and Stephenson,J. and Terreau,A. and Thailly,A-.F. and Gajardo,G. and Garcia de Leaniz,C.}
}
@booklet {4,
	title = {DNA barcoding and microsatellites help species delimitation and hybrid identification in endangered galaxiid fishes},
	howpublished = {PLoS ONE},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012///},
	abstract = {The conservation of data deficient species is often hampered by inaccurate species delimitation. The galaxiid fishes Aplochiton zebra and Aplochiton taeniatus are endemic to Patagonia (and for A. zebra the Falkland Islands), where they are threatened by invasive salmonids. Conservation of Aplochiton is complicated because species identification is hampered by the presence of resident as well as migratory ecotypes that may confound morphological discrimination. We used DNA barcoding (COI, cytochrome b) and a new developed set of microsatellite markers to investigate the relationships between A. zebra and A. taeniatus and to assess their distributions and relative abundances in Chilean Patagonia and the Falkland Islands. Results from both DNA markers were 100\% congruent and revealed that phenotypic misidentification was widespread, size-dependent, and highly asymmetric. While all the genetically classified A. zebra were correctly identified as such, 74\% of A. taeniatus were incorrectly identified as A. zebra, the former species being more widespread than previously thought. Our results reveal, for the first time, the presence in sympatry of both species, not only in Chilean Patagonia, but also in the Falkland Islands, where A. taeniatus had not been previously described.  We also found evidence of asymmetric hybridisation between female A. taeniatus and male A. zebra in areas where invasive salmonids have become widespread. Given the potential consequences that species misidentification and hybridisation can have for the conservation of these endangered species, we advocate the use of molecular markers in order to reduce epistemic uncertainty. Keywords: Aplochiton zebra, Aplochiton taeniatus, hybridisation, barcoding, biological invasions, conservation; 

},
	keywords = {ABUNDANCE, APLOCHITON ZEBRA, BARCODING, BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS, CHILE, CHILEAN, CONSERVATION, DISCRIMINATION, DISTRIBUTION, DNA, ENDANGERED, ENDANGERED SPECIES, ENVIRONMENTAL, FEMALE, FISHERIES, FISHERY, FISHES, HYBRID, HYBRIDISATION, IDENTIFICATION, INVASION, INVASIONS, INVASIVE, ISLAND, ISLANDS, MALE, MICROSATELLITE, MICROSATELLITES, MIGRATORY, MOLECULAR, MOLECULAR MARKERS, PATAGONIA, PHENOTYPIC, RESIDENT, SALMONID, SALMONIDS, SIZE-DEPENDENT, SYMPATRY, THREATENED, UK},
	author = {Vanhaecke,D. and Garcia de Leaniz,C. and Gajardo,G. and Young,K. and Sanzana,J. and Orellana,G. and Fowler,D. and Howes,P. and Monzon-Arguello,C. and Consuegra,S.}
}
