@article {58,
	title = {Selective exploitation of early running fish may induce genetic and phenotypic changes in Atlantic salmon},
	journal = {Journal of Fish BiologyJournal of Fish Biology},
	volume = {67},
	number = {Suppl. A},
	year = {2005},
	note = {JFB},
	pages = {130-146},
	abstract = {Genetic evidence for the selective exploitation by anglers of early running fish was examined in four Iberian Atlantic salmon populations (R. As{\textcent}n, Pas, Nansa, Deva), using protein and mtDNA markers. The populations studied had been exploited exclusively by rod and line over a nearly fixed fishing season (March to July) since 1949. Genetic variation at six protein loci was small and was accounted for by the  MEP-2*  and  MDH-3,4*  polymorphisms, which generally remained stable over time and were in Castle-Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium during the fishing season. However, early running multi-seawinter fish (MSW) generally showed higher frequencies of the common  MEP-2*  (100) allele than did late running, one sea winter (1SW) grilse, which were significantly smaller and tended to escape the fishery. Spawners differed from angled fish in their mtDNA frequencies and consistently showed a lower sea age and a smaller body size. Spawners also smolted at an older age and displayed lower frequencies of the  MEP-2*  (100) allele in three of the four populations studied. These results suggest that anglers in these rivers are selectively exploiting a distinct component of the population, and inadvertently causing a differential mortality of genetic types that is likely to be detrimental. Key words: Atlantic salmon; isozymes; mtDNA; selective exploitation; conservation; population structuring.},
	keywords = {AGE, ALLOZYME, ATLANTIC SALMON, BODY SIZE, CANTABRIA, CONSERVATION, EQUILIBRIUM, ESCAPE, EXPLOITATION, FISH, FISHERIES, FISHERY, FISHING, GENETIC, GENETIC VARIATION, GRILSE, ISOZYME, ISOZYMES, MEP, MEP-2*, MORTALITY, MSW, mtDNA, OVEREXPLOITATION, PHENOTYPIC, POLYMORPHISM, POLYMORPHISMS, POPULATION, POPULATION STRUCTURING, POPULATIONS, PROTEIN, RIVER, RIVERS, ROD AND LINE, SALMON, SEA AGE, SELECTIVE EXPLOITATION, SIZE, SPAIN, SPAWNER, STRUCTURING},
	author = {Consuegra, S. and Garc{\textexclamdown}a de Le~niz, C. and Serdio, A. and Verspoor, E.}
}
@article {43,
	title = {Population structure in the Atlantic salmon: insights from 40 years of research into genetic protein variation},
	journal = {Journal of Fish BiologyJournal of Fish Biology},
	volume = {67},
	number = {Suppl. A},
	year = {2005},
	note = {JFB},
	pages = {3-54},
	abstract = {Electrophoretic studies of proteins remain a primary source of insight into genetic diversity in many species including the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, one of the most culturally and economically important fish species of the North Atlantic region. Since 1966, >350 scientific papers on protein variation have been published encompassing 25 000+ salmon from over 400 locations in >200 river systems across the species{\textquoteright} distribution. Variation has been detected at 30\% of the 110 protein loci screened, though most studies examine <40. The method has been applied largely to the investigation of population structure and differentiation, but work has also led to the systematic revision of the genus Salmo and remains the primary source of insight into hybridization in the wild with brown trout Salmo trutta. Spatial patterns of differentiation show temporal stability, both within and among river systems, and strongly support structuring of the species into river and tributary specific populations and the designation of European and North American populations as distinct sub-species. They also show widespread regional differentiation within both continents, beyond the marked subcontinental differences between Baltic Sea and Atlantic Ocean populations in Europe. Most of the differentiation probably reflects gene flow and founder events associated with colonization following the retreat of the glaciers from much of the species{\textquoteright} modern range. However, variation at MEP-2* shows strong correlations with environmental temperature, both within and among rivers, and associations with phenotypic performance. This suggests selection is acting on the locus and provides compelling evidence for the local adaptation of populations. Protein studies have led to more population centred management of the species and have been exploited in the discrimination of regional stocks in mixed stock analysis in high seas fisheries, particularly in the Baltic Sea, and as markers for the assessment of stocking success. They have also advanced insight into how the genetic character of populations can be changed in cultivation and the potential impact of salmon aquaculture and stocking on wild populations. The method has been largely superseded by DNA based analyses, but the results remain highly relevant to Atlantic salmon management and conservation and are an irreplaceable data set for studying genetic stability of populations over time},
	keywords = {ADAPTATION, ALLOZYMES, AQUACULTURE, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ATLANTIC SALMON, BROWN TROUT, COLONIZATION, CONSERVATION, DISCRIMINATION, DISTRIBUTION, DIVERSITY, DNA, ELECTROPHORESIS, ENVIRONMENTAL, FISH, FISHERIES, FISHERY, FLOW, FOUNDER, GENE FLOW, GENETIC, GENETIC DIVERSITY, GENETIC VARIATION, GSI, HYBRIDIZATION, ISOZYME, LOCAL ADAPTATION, MANAGEMENT, MEP, MEP-2*, METHOD, MIXED STOCK ANALYSIS, OCEAN, PATTERN, PHENOTYPIC, POPULATION, POPULATION STRUCTURE, POPULATIONS, PROTEIN, PROTEINS, RIVER, RIVERS, SALMO, SALMO SALAR, SALMO TRUTTA, SALMON, SELECTION, SPATIAL, STABILITY, STOCK, STOCK DISCRIMINATION, STOCKING, STOCKS, STRUCTURING, TEMPERATURE, TEMPORAL, TEMPORAL STABILITY, TROUT},
	author = {Verspoor, E. and Beardmore, J. A. and Consuegra, S. and Garcia de Le~niz, C. and Hindar, K. and Jordan, W. C. and Koljonen, M. L. and Mahkrov, A. A. and Paaver, T. and S~nchez, J. A. and Skaala,  and Titov, S. and Cross, T. F.}
}
